A COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE AND KINEMATICS IN THROWING WITH THE DOMINANT AND NON-DOMINANT ARM IN HANDBALL PLAYERS.

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in throwing performance and kinematics between throwing with the dominant and non-dominant arm in experienced handball players. Significant differences in throwing performance (accuracy and ball velocity) were found between the dominant and non-dominant arm. Maximal velocity of most joint movements was significantly different between the arms. However, timing of these maximal velocities did not change. The main cause of the decreased ball velocity was probably the decreased range of motion of the internal rotation of the shoulder. The lower ball velocity was compensated by the increased ball release height, which was caused by increased shoulder abduction and trunk tilt sideways angle at ball release

A COMPARISON OF MUSCLE ACTIVITION BETWEEN MAXIMUM PURE CONCENTRIC AND COUNTER MOVEMENT BENCH PRESSING

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics and muscle activation patterns of the counter movement bench press with pure concentric lifts in the ascending phase of a successful one repetition maximum attempt for 11 recreational weight-training athletes, with special attention to the sticking region. In both conditions a sticking region occurred. However, the start of the sticking region was different between the two bench presses. In addition the muscle activity was higher in the counter movement bench press compared to the concentric one. Together with the findings of the muscle activation during the maximal lifts it was concluded that diminishing effect of force potentiation and delayed muscle activation unlikely explains the existence of the sticking region in a 1-RM bench press. Most likely, the sticking region is the result of a poor mechanical force position

METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR COMPARISONS OF UPPER EXTREMITY EMG BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT PARAPLEGIA

This study compared normalization methods for surface electromyography (sEMG) for comparing individuals with (Para) and without (AB) paraplegia. Participants (Para, n=7, AB, n=11) performed 4 minutes of arm-cycling at several submaximal intensities, and an incremental maximal test to exhaustion, while sEMG of the right biceps brachii was recorded. This study analyzed sEMG at two intensities: rate of perceived exertion (RPE) 13 and at 60 W, with four methods of normalization: non-normalized, against a maximal voluntary contraction (MVIC), against a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, and against the max test. Using submaximal exercise intensity based on RPE or power output will affect the results when comparing sEMG of Para and AB groups, regardless of which normalization method is used to inspect the data

VALIDATION OF AN INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT BASED ESTIMATION OF TRUNK MOTION IN SIT-SKIING: A PILOT STUDY

Sagittal plane trunk movement is important for producing propulsive force when sit-skiing. We aimed to validate the use of inertial measurement units for measuring sagittal plane trunk movements during sit-skiing in the field. Able-bodied participants (n=4) performed 30 seconds of sit-skiing in a kneeling position on a treadmill while one AdMos IMU sensor (on the upper back) and 4 reflective markers on the trunk recorded kinematics. A secondary validation was performed with 4 sensors and markers attached to a rigid body, which was rotated to mimic the trunk during sit-skiing. For the rigid body, the root mean square error wa

Player load in male elite soccer : Comparisons of patterns between matches and positions

Our primary aim was to explore the development of player load throughout match time (i.e., the pattern) using moving 5-min windows in an elite soccer team and our secondary aim was to compare player load patterns between different positions within the same team. The dataset included domestic home matches (n = 34) over three seasons for a Norwegian Elite League team. Player movements (mean ± SD age 25.5 ± 4.2 years, height 183.6 ± 6.6 cm, body mass 78.9 ± 7.4 kg) were recorded at 20 Hz using body-worn sensors. Data for each variable (player load, player load per meter, total distance, accelerations, decelerations, sprint distance, high-intensity running distance) were averaged within positions in each match, converted to z-scores and averaged across all matches, yielding one time series for each variable for each position. Pattern similarity between positions was assessed with cross-correlations. Overall, we observed a distinct pattern in player load throughout match time, which also occurred in the majority of individual matches. The pattern shows peaks at regular intervals (~15 min), each followed by a period of lower load, declining until the next peak. The same pattern was evident in player load per meter. The cross-correlation analyses support the visual evidence, with correlations ranging 0.88–0.97 (p < .001) in all position pairs. In contrast, no specific patterns were discernible in total distance, accelerations, decelerations, sprint distance and high-intensity running distance, with cross-correlations ranging 0.65–0.89 (p < .001), 0.32–0.64 (p < .005), 0.18–0.65 (p < .005 in nine position pairs), 0.02–0.38 (p < .05 in three pairs) and 0.01–0.52 (p < .05 in three pairs), respectively. This study demonstrated similarity in player load patterns between both matches and positions in elite soccer competition, which could indicate a physical “pacing pattern” employed by the team.publishedVersio

The influence of tactical positioning on performance in sprint cross-country skiing

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of tactical positioning on performance in the heats of sprint cross-country (XC) skiing among men and women and the consistency of overtaking events over repeated competitions on the same racecourse. Thirty male and thirty female elite to world-class level skiers within each competition [(sprint International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) points: 40 ± 21 vs. 35 ± 24)] performed two repeated world-cup competitions at four different venues (two in the classical and two in the skating style) between 2017 and 2020. The intermediate rankings at five checkpoints were analysed using television broadcasts of the competitions. Sprint time-trial (STT) rank correlated positively with the final rank for the seven men’s (ρ = .54-.82, P < .01) and the eight women’s (ρ = .40-.80, P < .05) competitions, while one of the classical competitions for males did not correlate significantly (P = .23). The strength of the correlation coefficients between intermediate ranks and final ranks during the heats increased gradually from the first to the last checkpoint among both sexes in the classical style (τ = ~0.26 to ~0.70) and in the skating style (τ = ~0.22 to ~0.82), in which the majority of performance-variance was decided before the start of the finish sprint. For both sexes, ~20 and 16 overtaking events were observed in each heat for the classical and skating style, respectively. There was a significant sex-difference in the number of overtaking events in one out of the 16 competitions (P < .01), but no differences across seasons for any competition (P = .051–796). Overall, this study showed the importance of tactical positioning for performance in sprint XC skiing, with the number of overtaking events being relatively consistent for competitions performed on the same racecourse

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ) AND STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION SKILL IN THE FIRST GRADE AT MAN 1 TULUNGAGUNG IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017

ABSTRACT Suryati, Ani. Student Registered Number. 2813133007. 2017. The Correlation between Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Students’ Reading Comprehension Skill in The First Grade at MAN 1 Tulungagung in Academic Year 2016/2017. Sarjana Thesis. English Education Department. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung. Advisor: Faizatul Istiqomah, M.Ed. Keywords: correlation, IQ, reading comprehension skill Intelligence is one internal factor that influences the learning process. Reading activity in learning process requires the students’ thinking to achieve the goal of study. The thinking process can be seen from the students’ intelligence when face the problem of reading text. So, the process of reading comprehension involved the human intelligence to get the right information of the text. The formulation of this research is: “Is there any correlation between intelligence quotient (IQ) and students’ reading comprehension skill?”. Furthermore, the purpose of this research is to find out whether there is correlation between intelligence quotient (IQ) score and students’ reading comprehension or not. This research uses correlation design with quantitative approach. The population is this research is the first grade of MAN 1 Tulungagung totaled 341 students. The number of sample is 24 students determined using cluster sampling system. The variables were examined in this research is intelligence quotient (IQ) as independent variable (X) and students’ reading comprehension skill as independent variable (Y) also, because correlation study is a association relationship. The research instrument conducted through test and IQ’s documentation. While the method in data collection uses administering test, and asking the IQ’s documentation from the school. Technique of data analysis in this research in calculating correlation coefficient using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Formula Technique through SPSS 16.0 for windows. The result of this study showed a mean score of students’ IQ is 131.79 and a mean score of students’ reading comprehension skill is 83.00. This research has positive correlation. Based on the calculating correlation coefficient, this research has moderate correlation, because the correlation coefficient score is 0.510. Analysis of data through calculating using Pearson Product Moment Formula by SPSS 16.0 for windows, the data indicated that the sig. (2 tailed) score 0.011 is lower than level of significant (0.05) it means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and automatically the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. It can be concluded that there is moderate correlation between intelligence quotient (IQ) and students’ reading comprehension skill of science acceleration class in the first grade of MAN 1 Tulungagung

Muscle synergies at the elbow in static and oscillating isometric torque tasks with dual degrees of freedom

This study's aim was to identify the effect of oscillation of torques in isometric tasks under identical mechanical conditions on the muscle synergies used. It was hypothesized that bi-functional muscles would play a lesser role in torque oscillation, because they would also generate an undesired oscillation. Thus, changes in muscle synergies were expected as a consequence of oscillation in torque generation. The effect of the trajectory of torque generation was investigated in dual-degrees-of-freedom submaximal isometric oscillation torque tasks at the elbow. The torques were flexion-extension and supination-pronation. Oscillation torques were compared with static torque generations at four torque positions during oscillation. Muscle activity was determined with surface electromyography. Compared with the static torque tasks, the oscillation tasks showed an overall increased muscle activity. The oscillation tasks, however, showed similar activity patterns and muscle synergies compared to the static composite tasks. It was found that the motor system is well able to control different orthogonal combinations of slow torque oscillations and constant torques by employing a single oscillating muscle synergy

The effect of 30-second sprints during prolonged exercise on gross efficiency, electromyography, and pedaling technique in elite cyclists

Background: Cycling competitions are often of long duration and include repeated high-intensity efforts. Purpose: To investigate the effect of repeated maximal sprints during 4 hours of low-intensity cycling on gross efficiency (GE), electromyography patterns, and pedaling technique compared with work-matched low-intensity cycling in elite cyclists. Methods: Twelve elite, male cyclists performed 4 hours of cycling at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake either with 3 sets of 3 × 30-second maximal sprints (E&S) during the first 3 hours or a work-matched cycling without sprints (E) in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake, electromyography, and pedaling technique were recorded throughout the exercises. Results: GE was reduced from start to the end of exercise in both conditions (E&S: 19.0 [0.2] vs 18.1 [0.2], E: 19.1% [0.2%] vs 18.1% [0.2%], both P = .001), with no difference in change between conditions (condition × time interaction, P = .8). Integrated electromyography increased from start to end of exercise in m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis (m. vastus medialis: 9.9 [2.4], m. vastus lateralis: 8.5 [4.0] mV, main effect of time: P < .001 and P = .03, respectively) and E&S increased less than E in m. vastus medialis (mean difference −3.3 [1.5] mV, main effect of condition: P = .03, interaction, P = .06). The mechanical effectiveness only decreased in E&S (E&S: −2.2 [0.7], effect size = 0.24 vs E: −1.3 [0.8] percentage points: P = .04 and P = .8, respectively). The mean power output during each set of 3 × 30-second sprints in E&S did not differ (P = .6). Conclusions: GE decreases as a function of time during 4 hours of low-intensity cycling. However, the inclusion of maximal repeated sprinting does not affect the GE changes, and the ability to sprint is maintained throughout the entire session

The Relentless Attempt to Perfect the 2-Stent Technique∗

<p><b>Individual data points for one repetition maximum before (a) and after the intervention period (b) and for average power at 40% of one repetition maximum before (c) and after the intervention period (d) for the upper-body sprint-interval training group (SIG) and the control group (CG).</b> Mean values are represented by the thick line with black circles. Significant within-group changes: *p<0.05, **p<0.001; Significant different change from pre to post between groups: ^#p<0.05.</p